![]() ![]() There are a total of $N_P$ such paths with relative amplitudes and delays denoted by $\rho_i$ and $\tau_i$, respectively, where $i=0$, $1, \cdots$, $N_P-1$.The second of these paths arrives with an amplitude $\rho_1$ and a delay $\tau_1$ with respect to $\tau_0$.The first of these paths is the direct path with a relative amplitude of $\rho_0=1$ and a relative delay of $\tau_0=0$.The wireless channel is represented in the figure through a set of unit impulses with different amplitudes which come together to form our basic channel impulse response. This signal arrives at the destination after traversing several different routes. To understand how the channel fading phenomenon arises in a wireless channel, consider a modulated waveform in the figure below that is sent over the air at a particular carrier frequency $F_C$. The technologies for 5G systems have been chosen with the benefit of experience gained from actual implementations over these years. This is the main challenge for designing efficient high-rate wireless communication systems which spawned an array of research activities in the past 50 years aimed to bring the wireless transmission rates closer to their wire counterparts. Dramatic variations in signal amplitude occur at the Rx from constructive and destructive interference of multipath components originating from the surrounding environment that give rise to small-scale fading. Small-scale fading is a phenomenon that arises due to the unguided nature of the wireless medium. ![]()
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